Malcolm X (1925–1965)

Malcolm X (born Malcolm Little, May 19, 1925 – February 21, 1965) was an American human rights activist, minister, and prominent Black nationalist leader who sought to promote the interests of African Americans. He rose to prominence in the 1950s and early 1960s as a member of the Nation of Islam and later as the head of the Organization of Afro-American Unity.

Born in Omaha, Nebraska, Malcolm experienced a difficult childhood marked by poverty, discrimination, and the early loss of both his parents. He turned to criminal activity as a young man, serving several years in prison. While incarcerated, Malcolm Little discovered the Nation of Islam and adopted its teachings, changing his surname from Little to X to symbolize his rejection of his "slave" name. After his release from prison, he became a charismatic and powerful speaker, quickly rising through the ranks of the Nation of Islam to become one of its most visible and influential leaders.

In the early 1960s, Malcolm's relations with the Nation of Islam became strained, leading him to leave the organization and embark on a pilgrimage to Mecca. This journey, which he described as a transformative experience, significantly shifted his views and beliefs. He became a Sunni Muslim and adopted a more inclusive and globally oriented approach, advocating for the unity of all people regardless of race or religion.

After returning from Mecca, Malcolm founded the Organization of Afro-American Unity, a secular organization dedicated to promoting the interests of African Americans and people of African descent, increasing their political and economic power. Malcolm X traveled, speaking at events and rallies and establishing contacts with African independence movements, including the Algerian National Liberation Front and the Kenyan Mau Mau. He also continued to criticize the Nation of Islam and its leadership, leading to increasing tensions and threats against his life.

Despite these challenges, Malcolm remained a highly influential figure and a powerful voice for Black nationalism. His speeches and writings continue to be universally read and studied, and he remains a symbol of the struggle for racial equality and human rights. Malcolm X was tragically assassinated in 1965. Malcolm X continues to be remembered as a symbol of resistance and a visionary for change and one of the most prominent figures of Black History.

Malcolm X's Letter From Mecca

• Letter From Mecca

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